This elegant highly migratory shorebird is primarily a winter visitor to Japan. Males and females are similar in non-breeding plumage when both have a white rather than black throat. This species has suffered substantial declines in parts of its range, especially in Northern Ireland where the situation is critical. This species is now listed as "near threatened" by IUCN. Threats include changing agricultural practices and wetland drainage. Canon PowerShot SX60
References:
BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Vanellus vanellus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 28/03/2019.
Chandler, R. (2009). Shorebirds of North America, Europe, and Asia: A photographic guide. Princeton.
Wiersma, P., Kirwan, G.M. & Sharpe, C.J. (2019). Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/53792 on 28 March 2019).